With any kind of cancer, early detection may lead to earlier treatment and, often, better results.
However, with some types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer, diagnosis can be difficult because symptoms can be subtle or even non-existent in the beginning stages.
According to Rush University Medical Center, more than 70% of people who are diagnosed with ovarian cancer learn about it at an advanced stage when it’s more difficult to treat. That’s why ovarian cancer is sometimes referred to as a “silent killer.”
As with all issues related to health, knowledge is power. In honor of Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month, we’re working to educate people in hopes that improved awareness can help save more lives. Ready to learn? Here are some common questions and answers about ovarian cancer.
What is ovarian cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that involves abnormal growth of cells in or around the ovaries, which are a part of the female reproductive system. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ovarian cancer can also originate in the fallopian tubes and the peritoneum. Globally, it’s the seventh most common type of cancer in women, according to the American Institute for Cancer Research.
Who is at risk?
Some people may face a greater risk of developing ovarian cancer than others. According to the National Library of Medicine, those may include the following:
- People with a mother, aunt, grandmother or sister who has had ovarian cancer
- People with inherited mutations, including BRCA1 or BRCA2; or with genetic conditions such as Lynch syndrome
- People with endometriosis
- People who have used hormone replacement therapy
- People who are overweight, obese and/or tall
- People who have never had a pregnancy
- Older adults, especially those who have gone through menopause
Are there steps I can take to prevent ovarian cancer?
While there are no guaranteed ways to reduce your risk for ovarian cancer, research indicates that some women may have a lower risk than others. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and the CDC share the following insights on who may be less likely to develop ovarian cancer:
- People who practice healthy habits. By eating a well-balanced diet, exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight you can lower your risk for ovarian cancer, as well as other types of cancer.
- Those who have given birth. Full-term pregnancies may reduce a woman’s risk for ovarian cancer, with more pregnancies being associated with a lower risk.
- Individuals who have breastfed. Research indicates that if a person breastfeeds their child or children for a year or more, it may lower their risk.
- People who have taken the pill. Oral contraceptives seem to lower a person’s risk for developing ovarian cancer, with longer-term use offering greater protection.
- Individuals who have undergone a tubal ligation. People who have had this procedure may have a lower risk for developing ovarian cancer.
What else can I do?
Now that you know the basics about ovarian cancer, it can be helpful to talk to your health care provider about your health history, your health concerns and any symptoms you may be experiencing.
While there is no routine screening test for ovarian cancer, your primary care doctor or gynecologist can help evaluate your risk factors and, if you are experiencing symptoms (which may include pain or pressure in the pelvic area, vaginal bleeding, bloating, pain in your abdomen or back, a noticeable change to your bathroom habits, or feeling full quickly/having difficulty eating), they can talk to you about next steps.
